*This is an excellent video that goes over Independent and Dependent Variables, and it explains why we need to only change 1 variable at a time.
Here's another great video showing the differences between independent and dependent variables:
1) The 1 thing we test, change, or is different between groups in an experiment is the independent variable (we control it!)
2) What we measure or observe at the end is the dependent variable. It's the data we collect.
3) Constants (controlled variables)- Variables that are kept the same, do not change.
TIPS:
Independent variable- "I" change it.
Dependent variable- depends on the independent variable.
Think of Cause (IV) and Effect (DV). The IV comes first (the cause) and the DV comes after (the effect).
So when writing a Hypothesis, the format should be: Ifthe (independent variable) changes, then the (dependent variable) will change because...
Click on the picture below to see it bigger:
Remember, the ONLY variable we change in an experiment is the independent variable. Scientists control all other variables so they can be sure that the results are caused by the independent variable only! This is called a controlled experiment. And it allows the experiment to be fair.
Also, you need to repeat an experiment several times to make sure your results are reliable or valid (accurate).These are called trials. If you do an experiment just 1 time, you might make a mistake or get a strange result.
More Vocabulary: 1) Experimental group- the group that is tested or receives the change. 2) Control group- the group that is not really being tested (gets no special treatment). It's the standard, used for comparison only. 3) Sample size- the total number of people/animals/plants being studied in an experiment. 4) Placebo- a fake pill that contains no active ingredients but is used as a control in testing how well another, real pill works. 5) Trials- the number of times you do a test in an experiment. The more trials you do, the more reliable the experiment is. *A control group is used to see if the change actually works (compared versus the experimental group). *A large sample size is better for an experiment because your results will be more reliable or accurate since you have more data to count on.
Thursday, September 16, 2021
Class, this is a video on LAB Safety discussing the top 10 rules to follow in LAB.
This is another short cartoon video on LAB Safety.
This is a rap video on LAB Safety.
And finally this video is from Amoeba Sisters, also showing important guidelines to follow in LAB. ***You will be tested on these videos, including the safety rules learned in each one and during class.
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT LAB PROCEDURES:
•Notify
the teacher of any emergencies.
•Do
NOT touch anything unless told to first.
•Do
NOT fool around in the LAB.
•Read
all LAB procedures first
before doing anything.
•Keep
aisles clear.
•No
food, gum, or drinks allowed.
•Always
wash your hands and clean up after yourself.
List of Rules from the Spongebob Activity: Click on blue link to see the rules-->Rules 1-16 for LAB Safety
All energy comes from either the main 2 forms, Kinetic or Potential energy. So the forms of energy shown below can either be classified as kinetic or potential energy. Copy down everything you see here, and draw a picture or example of each one, showing that type of energy: 1) Nuclear/Atomic Energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom and released when you split atoms. 2) Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is stored in organisms, food, gasoline, or chemical bonds of molecules. 3) Electrical energy is produced by electrons moving through a wire; it's a natural and man-made energy form. 4)Mechanical energy is the energy in the motion of objects. All moving objects have mechanical energy. 5) Sound energy is produced when a solid, liquid, or gas vibrates. Sound energy travels out as waves in all directions. 6) Thermal energy is the energy of molecular movement. The faster the molecules move, the more thermal energy is present. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy. So when thermal energy moves from object to object, we feel it as heat.
7) Light (radiant) energy is a form of energy produced by the sun and lamps; it's visible to the human eye
Class, here is a copy of the chart that shows the 3 types of Plate boundaries and their effects. You can click on it to see it bigger. This will be on the test. Study it! The topics for the test are shown below the picture:
These are some notes from class on the 3 boundaries: - Convergent boundaries: a) When an ocean plate converges with a continental plate, the denser ocean plate slides under the continental plate = Volcanoes or Trench (SUBDUCTION ZONE) b) When two ocean plates collide, the denser ocean plate slides under the other ocean plate = Volcanic islands or Trench (SUBDUCTION ZONE) c) When two continental plates collide, they crumble up = Mountains - Divergent boundaries: a) When two ocean plates move apart, this causes seafloor spreading = Mid-ocean ridges OR Ocean basins b) When two continental plates move apart = Rift valleys (a low point) - Transform boundaries: When two plates slide past each other = Earthquakes
This is more information on the sub-types of Convergent boundaries only. Click on the picture to see it bigger:
Pictures of Boundaries:
These are the topics on the Plate Tectonics test: - Pangea - Evidence supporting the theory of Pangea - Continental drift - Seafloor spreading - The names of scientists who developed these theories - 3 types of boundaries and their effects - Convection currents (due to density differences) - VOCABULARY: Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mid-ocean ridge, subduction zone, etc. *You should also know this: Differences in density cause the hot, plastic-like rock to be forced up toward the surface, causing the plates to move.
Also, check out this BrainPop Video again on Plate Tectonics. Do the Review QUIZ to help you study for the Test: BrainPop- Plate Tectonics
Here are good videos from class-
Finally, here are additional interactive sites and animation websites that will help you understand the movements of plates and their effects. Also some websites with information on plate tectonics: Interactives- Dynamic Earth
